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衍生品有兩個分類：遠期承諾和或有求償權，兩者的區別是，遠期承諾是一種義務，到期時需要以約定的價格來交割，而或有求償權是一種權利而不是義務，根據到期日的價格交易者可以選擇是否交割。
Forward commitment（遠期承諾）：
Class of derivatives that provides the ability to lock in a price to transact in the future at a previously agreed-upon price.
遠期承諾：
合同雙方包含多頭和空頭，雙方約定好了未來某一時點的以特定的價格進行交易的合約，這個合約到期時會執行，執行時按照約定的固定價格執行，這個固定價格就是遠期價格。
遠期承諾中包括三種：遠期、期貨、互換。
遠期合約：場外交易合約，合約雙方約定在未來某一時刻按約定的價格買賣約定數量的金融資產。
期貨：是以某種大眾產品如棉花、大豆、石油等及金融資產如股票、債券等為標的標準化可交易合約；
互換：場外交易合約，當事人按照共同商定的條件，在約定的時間內定期交換現金流的金融交易，可分為貨幣互換、利率互換、股權互換、信用互換等。
Contingent claim（或有求償權）：
Derivatives in which the payoffs occur if a specific event occurs; generally referred to as options.
或有求償權：
是一種可以以特定價格購買或出售標的資產的權利，支付依賴于標的資產的情況。是一種權利而不是義務，如果你背負了一項債務或是簽訂了類似的合約，你的出借人或是債權人對你的資產可能有的求償權，這個求償權依賴于未來的某些事件是否發生，一些特定事件的發生會觸發求償權，比如說債務人的破產。
期權是最主要的或有求償權。
例：In contrast to contingent claims, forward commitments provide the:
A. right to buy or sell the underlying asset in the future.
B. obligation to buy or sell the underlying asset in the future.
C. promise to provide credit protection in the event of default. to contingent claims, forward commitments provide the:
解析：B is correct. Forward commitments represent an obligation to buy or sell the underlying asset at an agreed upon price at a future date.
A is incorrect because the right to buy or sell the underlying asset is a characteristic of contingent claims, not forward commitments.
C is incorrect because a credit default swap provides a promise to provide credit protection to the credit protection buyer in the event of a credit event such as a default or credit downgrade and is classified as a contingent claim.
根據定義B正確，遠期承諾代表了買方及賣方在到期日有義務進行交割的合約；A說明的是或有求償權的特質，C中會提供信用保護的是信用違約互換。
Forward commitment（遠期承諾）：
Class of derivatives that provides the ability to lock in a price to transact in the future at a previously agreed-upon price.
遠期承諾：
合同雙方包含多頭和空頭，雙方約定好了未來某一時點的以特定的價格進行交易的合約，這個合約到期時會執行，執行時按照約定的固定價格執行，這個固定價格就是遠期價格。
遠期承諾中包括三種：遠期、期貨、互換。
遠期合約：場外交易合約，合約雙方約定在未來某一時刻按約定的價格買賣約定數量的金融資產。
期貨：是以某種大眾產品如棉花、大豆、石油等及金融資產如股票、債券等為標的標準化可交易合約；
互換：場外交易合約，當事人按照共同商定的條件，在約定的時間內定期交換現金流的金融交易，可分為貨幣互換、利率互換、股權互換、信用互換等。
Contingent claim（或有求償權）：
Derivatives in which the payoffs occur if a specific event occurs; generally referred to as options.
或有求償權：
是一種可以以特定價格購買或出售標的資產的權利，支付依賴于標的資產的情況。是一種權利而不是義務，如果你背負了一項債務或是簽訂了類似的合約，你的出借人或是債權人對你的資產可能有的求償權，這個求償權依賴于未來的某些事件是否發生，一些特定事件的發生會觸發求償權，比如說債務人的破產。
期權是最主要的或有求償權。
例：In contrast to contingent claims, forward commitments provide the:
A. right to buy or sell the underlying asset in the future.
B. obligation to buy or sell the underlying asset in the future.
C. promise to provide credit protection in the event of default. to contingent claims, forward commitments provide the:
解析：B is correct. Forward commitments represent an obligation to buy or sell the underlying asset at an agreed upon price at a future date.
A is incorrect because the right to buy or sell the underlying asset is a characteristic of contingent claims, not forward commitments.
C is incorrect because a credit default swap provides a promise to provide credit protection to the credit protection buyer in the event of a credit event such as a default or credit downgrade and is classified as a contingent claim.
根據定義B正確，遠期承諾代表了買方及賣方在到期日有義務進行交割的合約；A說明的是或有求償權的特質，C中會提供信用保護的是信用違約互換。
